![]() There are many different variations on conventional rainbows that form in certain conditions. You can find out more about the colours of the rainbow What are the colours of the rainbow?. The human eye can pick out many hues but it is still common to think of a rainbow as having seven colours, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (ROYGBIV). The colours seen are not a pure spectrum, there is some mixing and blurring of the colours. Most everything in nature takes the path of least resistance (cloud to ground lightning, water in a river, etc.) When a raindrop is falling it forms that. The red light seen by an observer comes from drops slightly higher in the atmosphere than the drops that scatter violet light towards the observer. Do all raindrops fall at terminal speed Guillermo Montero-Martínez, Alexander B. Different colours exit the droplets at angles varying by around two degrees from red to violet. Do all raindrops fall at terminal speed - MonteroMartínez - 2009 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library. Light scattered by many drops reaching the observers eye will appear as a colourful rainbow. If the angles at which the light enters the droplet are correct, some of the light that enters the droplet will be internally reflected from the inside edge of the drop and will exit the drop, undergoing refraction again as it passes back from water to air.Īn observer standing in the right place will see the dispersed sunlight reflected back towards them. Sunlight is made up of light of many different wavelengths that slow by different amounts causing the white light to split, or disperse, with the shorter blue and violet wavelengths going through a slightly increased change of direction to the longer wavelengths of the red light. The effect of light hitting a raindropīecause water is denser than air, light passing from air to a raindrop at an angle slows and changes direction, in a process called refraction. Rainbows only appear semi-circular over level ground at sunrise or sunset, when the sun is exactly on the horizon, the majority of the time a smaller segment of an arc is seen. ![]() The size of the raindrops does not directly affect the geometry of a rainbow, but mist or fog tends to disperse the effect more (see fogbows).
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